Children and adolescents often have a vagal response marked bradycardia in response to intubation and are given atropine 0. Some physicians include a small dose of a neuromuscular blocker, such as vecuronium 0. Fasciculations may result in muscle pain on awakening and cause transient hyperkalemia; however, the actual benefit of such pretreatment is unclear. Laryngoscopy and intubation are uncomfortable; in conscious patients, a short-acting IV drug with sedative or combined sedative and analgesic properties is mandatory.
Etomidate 0. Fentanyl is an opioid and thus has analgesic as well as sedative properties. However, at higher doses, chest wall rigidity may occur. It is generally safe but may cause hallucinations or bizarre behavior on awakening. Propofol , a sedative and amnesic, is commonly used in induction at doses of 1. Succinylcholine 1. Succinylcholine should always be given with atropine in children because pronounced bradycardia may occur. Drugs include atracurium 0.
Intubation of an awake patient typically not done in children requires anesthesia of the nose and pharynx. In most cases, a person will fully recover from intubation within a few hours to days and will have no long-term complications. People can ask the doctor or surgeon about all of the potential side effects and risks of intubation before surgery.
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Intubation: Everything you need to know. Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Medline Plus. Endotracheal Intubation. Oct 11, Tikka T, Hilmi OJ. Upper airway tract complications of endotracheal intubation. Br J Hosp Med Lond. Tracheal extubation. Respir Care. Prasanna D, Bhat S. Nasotracheal intubation: an overview. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. A study of practice behavior for endotracheal intubation site for children with congenital heart disease undergoing surgery: Impact of endotracheal intubation site on perioperative outcomes-an analysis of the society of thoracic surgeons congenital cardiac anesthesia society database.
Anesth Analg. How soon should we start interventional feeding in the icu? Curr Opin Gastroenterol. Nutrition support in critically ill patients: enteral nutrition. Jan National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization.
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I Accept Show Purposes. Table of Contents View All. Table of Contents. Once your vocal cords have been located, a flexible plastic tube will be placed into your mouth and passed beyond your vocal cords into the lower portion of your trachea.
In difficult situations, a video camera laryngoscope may be used to give a more detailed view of the airway. Your anesthesiologist will then listen to your breathing through a stethoscope to make sure that the tube is in the right place.
Once you no longer need help breathing, the tube is removed. In some situations, the tube may need to be temporarily attached to a bag. Your anesthesiologist will use the bag to pump oxygen into your lungs. EI keeps your airway open. This allows oxygen to pass freely to and from your lungs as you breathe. More serious complications may occur in older adults who have significant medical problems. These complications are rare but may include:.
Approximately one or two people in every 1, may become partially awake while under general anesthesia. On rare occasions, they can feel severe pain. This may lead to long-term psychological complications, such as post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD. Certain factors can make this situation more likely:.
An anesthesiologist or ambulance EMT will evaluate you before the procedure to help decrease the risk of these complications from occurring. Intubation is an invasive procedure and can cause considerable discomfort. With certain medical conditions, the procedure may need to be performed while a person is still awake. A local anesthetic is used to numb the airway in order to lessen the discomfort.
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